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The FRAM robotic telescope for atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2021

FRAM (F/Photometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) is a robotic telescope operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for the purposes of atmospheric monitoring using stellar photometry. As a passive system which does not produce any light that could interfere with the observations of the fluorescence telescopes of the observatory, it complements the active monitoring systems that use lasers. We discuss the applications of stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring at optical observatories in general and the particular modes of operation employed by the Auger FRAM. We describe in detail the technical aspects of FRAM, the hardware and software requirements for a successful operati…

AstronomyLarge detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Optics; Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes APDs Si-PMTs G-APDs CCDs EBCCDs EMCCDs CMOS imagers etc); Real-time monitoringReal-time monitoring01 natural sciencesAugerSuccessful operationObservatoryopticalAPDshardwareAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsInstrumentationPhoton detectors for UVMathematical PhysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)astro-ph.HEEBCCDsSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentalePhoton detectors for UV visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes APDs Si-PMTs G-APDs CCDs EBCCDs EMCCDs CMOS imagers etc)Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsSi-PMTsAugerobservatoryRobotic telescopeG-APDsAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsAstrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaSciences exactes et naturellesAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesprogrammingdetector: fluorescencePhotometry (optics)0103 physical sciencesddc:610[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]High Energy Physicsvisible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodesCMOS imagersInstrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)Astrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsRemote sensingetc)fluorescence [detector]Pierre Auger Observatory010308 nuclear & particles physicsLarge detector systems for particle and astroparticle physicsActive monitoringOpticsCCDslasermonitoringEMCCDsLarge detector systems for particle and astroparticle physicatmosphereExperimental High Energy PhysicsOpticEnvironmental science[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]RAIOS CÓSMICOSastro-ph.IM
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